Lavender

Lavender is best known and loved for its fragrance.
The herb has been used since ancient times in perfumery.
As an aromatic plant, lavender lifts the spirits and chases
melancholy. Taking just a few whiffs of this sweetsmelling
herb is said to dispel dizziness. Traditionally,
women in labor clutched sprigs of lavender to bring
added courage and strength to the task of childbearing. A
decoction of the flower may be used as a feminine
douche for leucorrhoea. The dried blossoms, sewn into
sachets, may be used to repel moths and to scent clothing,
or may be lit like incense to scent a room. Because
of its fumigant properties, the herb was hung in the home
to repel flies and mosquitoes, and strewn about to sanitize
the floors. Lavender essential oil was a component
of smelling salts in Victorian times.
The essential oil of certain lavender species has a
sedative, antispasmodic, and tranquilizing effect. Lavender
has been long valued as a headache remedy. It can be
taken in a mild infusion, or can be rubbed on the temples,
or sniffed like smelling salts to provide relief from
headaches caused by stress. Lavender oil is antiseptic, and
has been used as a topical disinfectant for wounds. In high
doses, it can kill many common bacteria such as typhoid,
diphtheria, streptococcus, and pneumococcus, according to
some research. The essential oil has also been used as a
folk treatment for the bite of some venomous snakes.
When used in hydrotherapy as part of an aromatic,
Epsom salt bath, the essential oils of some species will
soothe tired nerves and relieve the pain of neuralgia. They
are also used topically on burns and have been shown to
speed healing. It is also a fine addition to a foot bath for
sore feet. Lavender essence makes a pleasant massage oil
for kneading sore muscles and joints. Acting internally,
lavender’s chemical properties increase the flow of bile
into the intestines, relieving indigestion. Its carminative
properties help expel intestinal gas. Lavender is an adjuvant
and may be used in combination with other herbs to
make a tonic cordial to strengthen the nervous system.
A 2002 report from Korea showed that aromatherapy
massage with lavender oil and tea tree oil on patients
undergoing hemodialysis for kidney failure received
relief from the itching the treatment often causes.






Preparations



The medicinal properties of lavender are extracted
primarily from the oil glands in the leaf and blossom. The
plant contains volatile oil, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids,
and triterpenoids as active chemical components. These
phytochemicals are the plant constituents responsible for
the medicinal properties. Lavender’s volatile oil is best
when extracted from flowers picked before they reach
maximum bloom and following a long period of hot and
dry temperatures. The flower spikes dry quickly when
spread on a mat in an airy place away from direct sun.

Distilled oil: The essential oil of lavender is extracted
by steam distillation. Just a few drops of this essential
oil are effective for topical applications. Commercial distillations
of this essential oil are readily available.


Lavender tea: An infusion of the fresh or dried flowers
and leaf can be made by pouring a pint of boiling
water over one ounce of the dry leaf and flower, or two
ounces fresh herb, in a non-metallic pot. It can be
steeped (covered) for about ten minutes, strained and
sweetened to taste. It should be drunk while still warm.
Lavender tea may be taken throughout the day, a mouthful
at a time, or warm, by the cup, up to three cups per
day. Lavender works well in combination with other
medicinal herbs in infusion.

Lavender oil extract: In a glass container, one ounce
of freshly harvested lavender flowers can be combined
with 1-1/2 pints of olive oil, sufficient to cover the herb.
It should be placed in a sunny windowsill for about three
days and shaken daily. After three days, the mixture
should be strained through muslin or cheesecloth. More
fresh flowers should be added and the process repeated
until the oil has the desired aromatic strength. Lavender
extract can be safely used internally to treat migraines,
and nervous indigestion. A few drops on a sugar cube
can speed headache relief. Externally, a small amount of
lavender oil, rubbed on sore joints, can relieve rheumatism.
The essential oil has also been used to minimize
scar tissue when applied to burned skin.

Lavender sachet: Dried lavender blossoms and
leaves can be sewn into a small cloth bag to scent linens
and deter insects. The bag may be placed beneath the pillow
as an aromatherapy.

Lavender vinegar: Fresh leaves and blossoms may
be steeped in white vinegar for seven days, then strained
and stored in a tightly capped bottle.






Precautions


Lavender has a long history of use as an essential oil
and as a mildly sedative tea. When taken in moderation
the tea is safe. It is important to note that, as with all essential
oils, high or chronic doses of lavender essential
oil are toxic to the kidney and liver. Infants are even
more easily overdosed than adults.
Interestingly, lavenderís relaxant effects were put to
the test in a 2002 study on aromatherapyís effects on improved
mental or physical performance. It seems that
study subjects who smelled lavender actually did worse
on mental tests than those who smelled nothing at all. So
those choosing to use lavenderís soothing effects should
perhaps choose the timing carefully.




Side effects


No known side effects.



Interactions


As an adjuvant, lavender can enhance the helpful
properties of other herbs when used in combination.
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) leaves can be combined
with lavender as a headache infusion. For cramping, an infusion
of lavender and valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
makes a soothing tea. Lavender’s pleasant scent works
well to cover disagreeable odors of other herbs in medicinal
combinations. A tonic cordial can be made by combining
fresh rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, cinnamon,
nutmeg, and sandlewood with the lavender blossoms
and steeping the mixture in brandy for about a week

Essential OIls for some common illnesess

ABDOMINAL PAIN

Abdominal Pain should be checked by a doctor if it persists and increases in intensity because it could be appendicitis or another condition that needs to be properly diagnosed.

Upper Abdominal Area.
Apply the following oil over the painful area in a clockwise direction:

Peppermint 3 drops
Clove 2 drops

Diluted in 1 teaspoon vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, jojoba, sweet almond, apricot kernel, grapeseed etc)

Lower Abdominal Area.
Apply the following oil over the painful area in a clockwise direction:

Thyme 2 drops
Eucalyptus 3 drops

Diluted in 1 teaspoon vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, jojoba, sweet almond, apricot kernel, grapeseed etc)




ATHLETES FOOT

Make up a mixture of 2 drops of tea tree and 1 drop of lavender, dip a cotton-wool ball into it and smear it between the toes and around the nails. Also, make up the following massage oil and rub it over your feet, paying special attention to the toes:

Tea tree 5 drops
Lemon 1 drop

Diluted in 1 teaspoon vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, jojoba, sweet almond, apricot kernel, grapeseed etc)





CHAPPED SKIN

Make up the following oil and massage over the chapped area, including the face if affected:

Geranium 10 drops
Chamomile 10 drops
Lemon 5 drops
Lavender 5 drops

Diluted in 2 teaspoon vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, jojoba, sweet almond, apricot kernel, grapeseed etc)




COMMON COLDS

Use the following oils in a hot bath. Lie back and inhale deeply:
Thyme 2 drops
Tea tree 2 drops
Eucalyptus 1 drop
Lemon 3 drops

For steam inhalation method, use one drop each of the following: tea tree, lavender, thyme and clove.

Carry with you tissue on which you have placed one drop each of red thyme, peppermint, eucalyptus and clove, and inhale deeply whenever possible.

Massage around the chest, neck and sinus area (forehead, nose and cheekbones) with the following:

Lemon 1 drop
Eucalyptus 2 drops
Rosemary 3 drops

Diluted in 1 teaspoon vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, jojoba, sweet almond, apricot kernel, grapeseed etc)




COUGHS

Dry cough. Mix 2 drops of eucalyptus and 2 drops of lemon oil with 2 tablespoons honey. Take 1 teaspoon of this and dilute in a wine glass of wam water. Sip it slowly.

Massage over the back and chest with:

Eucalyptus 3 drops
Thyme 2 drops

Diluted in 1 teaspoon vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, jojoba, sweet almond, apricot kernel, grapeseed etc)

For the steam inhalation method, use 3 drops of lavender.

Cough with mucus. Follow the treatment outlined above except for the drink. For this mix of the following essential oils into the tablespoon of honey:

Eucalyptus 2 drops
Thyme 1 drop
Tea tree 1 drop

Blend together and use 1 drop only.




HAY FEVER

Put 1 drop each of chamomile and lemon essential oils onto a tissue and inhale. Add the following combination to baths:

Chamomile 2 drops
Lemon 2 drops
Lavender 1 drop

Massage the neck, chest and back with:

Chamomile 2 drops
Geranium 1 drop
Lemon 1 drop

Diluted in 1 teaspoon vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, jojoba, sweet almond, apricot kernel, grapeseed etc)

Because hey fever affects people in different ways, treatment is often a case of trial and error. Experiment with the essential oils.




LARYNGITIS

Use steam inhalations with the following oils added:

Chamomile 2 drops
Lavender 3 drops
Thyme 1 drop

Massage all over the neck area and behind the ears with the following:

Chamomile 5 drops
Thyme 1 drop
Lemon 2 drops

Diluted in 1 teaspoon vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, jojoba, sweet almond, apricot kernel, grapeseed etc)

To reduce the soreness, make a drink by adding 2 drops of lemon and 1 drop lavender to 2 teaspoons of honey and mixing it into a wine glassfull of rosewater which has been boiled.

Eucalyptus

The Australian aborigines have used eucalyptus for
hundreds of years as a remedy for fever, wounds,
coughs, asthma, and joint pain. Australian settlers
named the eucalyptus the fever tree because of its disease-
fighting properties. Baron Ferdinand von Miller, a
German botanist and explorer, was responsible for making
the properties of eucalyptus known to the world in
the mid-1800s. Likening eucalyptus’ scent to that of cajaput
oil (a disinfectant), von Miller suggested that eucalyptus
might also be used as a disinfectant in fever districts.
Seeds of the tree were sent to Algiers, France and
planted. The trees thrived and, because of the drying action
of the roots, turned one of the marshiest areas of Algiers
into a dry and healthy environment, thereby driving
away malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Eucalyptus trees
were then planted in temperate areas around the world to
prevent malaria. As a result, eucalyptus trees are now
cultivated in China, India, Portugal, Spain, Egypt, South
and North Africa, Algeria, South America, and in the
southern portion of the United States.
Commercial production of eucalyptus began in Victoria,
Australia in 1860. The nineteenth century eclectic
doctors adopted eucalyptus as a treatment for fevers,
laryngitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, whooping
cough, gonorrhea, ulcers, gangrenous tissue, edema,
and gastrointestinal disturbances. European doctors used
eucalyptus oil to sterilize their surgical and medical
equipment. Eucalyptus leaves were often made into cigars
or cigarettes and smoked to relieve asthma and
bronchial congestion.
Modern medicines around the world have included
eucalyptus in their practices. Indian ayurvedics use eucalyptus
to treat headaches resulting from colds. Eucalyptus
is listed in the Indian Pharmacopoeia as an expectorant
and in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as a skin irritant
used in nerve pain. In France, eucalyptus leaves are applied
topically to relieve congestion from colds and to
treat acute bronchial disease. A standardized eucalyptus
tea is licensed in Germany to treat bronchitis and throat
inflammations. Eucalyptus is also an ingredient in German
herbal cough preparations. The German Commission
E has approved the internal use of eucalyptus to
treat congestion of the respiratory tract, and the external
use to treat rheumatic complaints. In the United States,
eucalyptus is a component of many decongestant and expectorating
cough and cold remedies, such as cough
drops, cough syrups, and vapor baths. Eucalyptus is
often used in veterinary medicine. It is used to treat horses
with flu, dogs with distemper, and to treat parasitic
skin conditions.






GENERAL USE


Eucalyptus is most popular for its ability to clear
congestion due to colds, coughs, flu, asthma, and sinusitis.
The tannins found in eucalyptus have astringent
properties that reduce mucous membrane inflammation
of the upper respiratory tract. Eucalyptol, the chemical
component of the oil, works to loosen phlegm. Cough
drops containing eucalyptus promote saliva production,
which increases swallowing and lessens the coughing
impulse. Earaches can also be treated with eucalyptus.
When inhaled, the eucalyptus fumes open the eustachian
tubes, draining fluids and relieving pressure. Eucalyptus
enhances breathing, which makes it an effective
remedy for asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, whooping
cough, and colds.
Eucalyptus is a component of many topical arthritis
creams and analgesic ointments. When applied to the skin,
eucalyptus stimulates blood flow and creates a warm feeling
to the area, relieving pain in muscles and joints
The oil extracted from the eucalyptus leaf has powerful
antiseptic, deodorizing, and antibacterial properties. It is especially
effective in killing several strains of Staphylococcus
bacteria. A mixture of 2% eucalyptus oil evaporated in
an aroma lamp has been shown to destroy 70% of the
Staphylococcus bacteria in the affected room. When the oil
is applied to cuts, scrapes, and other minor wounds, it inhibits
infections and viruses. A 2002 report out of Australia
made researchers around the world take note when two
cases of patients with staph infections resistant to traditional
antibiotic therapy responded to a mixture of eucalyptus leaf
oil abstract. The Australian researchers recommended formal
clinical trials to test the therapy, based on an ancient
aboriginal remedy. Eucalyptus also fights plaque-forming
bacteria and is used to treat gum disease and gingivitis.
In large doses, the oil can be a kidney irritant and
can induce excretion of bodily fluids and waste products.
Eucalyptus oil added to water may be gargled to relieve
sore throat pain or used as a mouthwash to heal mouth
sores or gum disorders. Consequently, eucalyptus is an
ingredient in many commercial mouthwashes.
Eucalyptus’ pain-relieving properties make it a good
remedy for muscle tension. One study showed that a
mixture of eucalyptus, peppermint, and ethanol oils successfully
relieved headache-related muscle tension.
Eucalyptus may lower blood sugar levels. Placing a
drop of the oil on the tongue may reduce nausea. The oil
has also been used to kill dust mites and fleas.
Eucalyptus oil is one of the most well-known fragrances
in aromatherapy. Two species of eucalyptus are
used in aromatherapy oils: E. globulus and E. citriodora.
The essential oil of eucalyptus is used to relieve cramps,
cleanse the blood, heal wounds, disinfect the air, and to
treat conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, throat and
sinus infections, fevers, kidney infections, rheumatism,
bladder infections, and sore muscles.
The essential oil can be diluted and added to a massage
oil to ease aching muscles. The oil can be added to
hot water and inhaled to reduce nasal congestion. It can
also be diffused in the room of a sick patient to disinfect
the air.
Some believe that inhaling the diffused oil can enhance
concentration and thought processes. Studies have
shown that inhalation of the cineole compound of eucalyptus
stimulates coordination and motor activities in
mice. Eucalyptus oil may also uplift the spirit during
times of emotional overload or general sluggishness.
Applying a diluted oil to the skin instead of inhaling
it increases the rate of absorption into the blood. Often
the speed with which it is absorbed is so fast, the odor
can be detected on the breath within minutes
The oil is also an effective febrifuge, and a cold
compress with eucalyptus oil added to it has a cooling
effect that is useful in helping to reduce a fever. The essential
oil of eucalyptus is also used to treat wounds, herpes
simplex virus, skin ulcers, and acne. Combined with
water, the oil makes an effective insect repellant. Because
of its skin-moistening properties, the oil is often an
ingredient in dandruff shampoo.
Eucalyptus oil may be combined with other oils that
have similar properties, such as niaouli, pine, Swiss pine,
hyssop, and thyme oils. It also mixes well with lemon,
verbena, balm, and lavender oils.





PREPARATIONS

Eucalyptus is available as a tincture, cream, ointment,
essential oil, or lozenge. Many health food stores
carry fresh or dried eucalyptus leaf in bulk. Eucalyptus
can be ingested through the use of teas or tincture preparations,
inhaled, or applied externally.
Eucalyptus infusion is ingested to treat coughs,
colds, bronchitis, congestion, and throat infections. To
create an infusion, 1 cup of boiling water is poured over
1-2 teaspoons of crushed eucalyptus leaves. The mixture
is covered and steeped for 10 minutes and is then
strained. Up to 2 cups can be drunk daily.
Inhaling eucalyptus vapors is beneficial for sinus
and bronchial congestion that occurs with bronchitis,
whooping cough, colds, asthma, influenza, and other
respiratory illnesses. A drop of eucalyptus oil or two to
three fresh or dried leaves are added to a pan of boiling
water or to a commercial vaporizer. The pan is removed
from the heat, a towel is placed over the pan and the patient’s
head, and the patient inhales the rising steam. Patients
should close their eyes when inhaling the steam to
protect them from eucalyptus’ strong fumes.
For healing wounds and preventing infection, the
wound is washed and then diluted eucalyptus oil or
crushed eucalyptus leaves are applied to the affected area.
For relief of muscle aches or arthritis pain, several
drops of the diluted oil are rubbed onto the affected area,
or a few drops of diluted oil are added to bath water for a
healing bath. Adding eucalyptus leaves wrapped in a
cloth to running bath water is also effective.
For gum disease, a few drops of diluted oil are
placed on a fingertip and massaged into the gums.
Tinctures should contain 5-10% essential oil of eucalyptus.
A person can take 1 ml three times daily.
Ointments should contain 5-20% essential oil of eucalyptus.
The person should use as directed for chapped
hands, joint and muscle pains, and dandruff.



PRECAUTIONS


Children or infants should not be treated with eucalyptus.
Of special note, eucalyptus oil should not be applied
to the facial areas (especially the nose or eyes) of
small children or infants. Pregnant or breast-feeding
women should not use eucalyptus.
People with digestive problems, stomach or intestinal
inflammations, biliary duct disorders, or liver disease
should not take eucalyptus.
Undiluted eucalyptus oil should never be ingested.
Small amounts of undiluted oil (even in amounts as little as
one teaspoon) are toxic and may cause circulatory problems,
collapse, suffocation, or death. Eucalyptus oil should
always be diluted in a carrier oil such as almond, grapeseed,
or other vegetable oil before applying to the skin.



SIDE EFFECTS



Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may occur in rare
cases. Applying eucalyptus to the skin may cause a rash
in those who are sensitive or allergic to eucalyptus.


INTERACTIONS


Eucalyptus works to detoxify the body. If it is used
simultaneously with other drugs, the effects of those
drugs may be weakened.

Dandelion

Dandelion has a long history of folk use. Early
colonists brought the herb to North America. The native
people soon recognized the value of the herb and sought
it out for its medical and nutritious benefits. The entire
plant is important as a general tonic, particularly as a
liver tonic. It may be taken as an infusion of the leaf, a
juice extraction, a root decoction, or a tincture. Fresh
leaves may be added to salads or cooked as a potherb.
The juice extracted from the stem and leaf is the most
potent part of the plant for medicinal purposes. It has
been used to eradicate warts and soothe calluses, bee
stings, or sores. Infusions of dandelion blossoms have
been used as a beautifying facial, refreshing the skin.
Dandelion is a nutritive herb rich in potassium,
calicum, and lecithin, with iron, magnesium, niacin,
phosphorus, proteins, silicon, boron, and zinc. Dandelion
provides several B vitamins along with vitamins C
and E as well as vitamin P. Chemical constituents in the
leaf include bitter glycosides, carotenoids, terpenoids,
choline, potassium salts, iron, and other minerals. The
root also has bitter glycosides, tannins, triterpenes,
sterols, volatile oil, choline, asparagin, and inulin.
Many herbalists regard the dandelion as an effective
treatment for liver disease, useful even in such extreme
cases as cirrhosis. It cleanses the bloodstream and increases
bile production, and is a good remedy for gall
bladder problems as well. The herb is also a boon to such
other internal organs as the pancreas, kidneys, stomach,
and spleen. The dried leaf, taken as a tea, is used as a
mild laxative to relieve constipation. Dandelion leaf is
also a good natural source of potassium, and will replenish
any potassium that may be lost due to the herb’s diuretic
action on the kidneys. This characteristic makes
dandelion a safe diuretic in cases of water retention due
to heart problems.The herb is useful in cases of anemia
and hepatitis, and may lower elevated blood pressure.
Dandelion may also provide relief for rheumatism and
arthritis. Dandelion therapy, consisting of therapeutic
doses of dandelion preparations taken over time, may
help reduce stiffness and increase mobility in situations
of chronic degenerative joint disease. The root, dried and
minced, can used as a coffee substitute, sometimes combined
with roasted acorns and rye.




Preparations


All parts of the dandelion have culinary and medicinal
value. It is best to harvest fresh young dandelion
leaves in the spring. The small, young leaves are less bitter,
and may be eaten uncooked in salads. Larger leaves
can be lightly steamed to reduce bitterness. Leaves gathered
in the fall are naturally less bitter. Dandelion blossoms,
traditionally used in wine making, may be gathered
throughout the flowering season. The deep, fleshy
taproot should be gathered in the fall. It takes careful
digging and loosening to extract the root intact, although
any root parts left in the soil will eventually produce another
plant. The root should be washed. Thicker roots
should be sliced down their length to facilitate drying.
The pieces should be spread out on a paper-lined tray in
a light, airy room out of direct sunlight and stored in
tightly sealed dark glass containers. Dried dandelion root
may be somewhat less potent than the fresh root.
Leaf infusion: Place 2 oz of fresh dandelion leaf, less
if dried, in a warmed glass container. Bring 2.5 cups of
fresh nonchlorinated water to the boiling point and add it
to the herbs. Cover the mixture and steep for 15–20 minutes,
then strain. Drink the infusion warm or cold throughout
the day, up to three cups per day. The prepared tea can
be kept for about two days in the refrigerator.
Tincture: Combine 4 oz of finely-cut fresh dandelion
root and leaf (or 2 oz of dry powdered herb) with 1
pt of brandy, gin, or vodka in a glass container. The alcohol
should be enough to cover the plant parts and have a
50/50 ratio of alcohol to water. Cover and store the mixture
away from light for about two weeks, shaking several
times each day. Strain and store in a tightly capped
dark glass bottle. A standard dose is 10–15 drops of the
tincture in water, up to three times a day.


Precautions


Dandelion acts as a cholagogue, which means that it
increases the flow of bile. It should not be used by persons
with closure of the biliary ducts and other biliary
ailments.


Side effects


Dandelion is a safe and nutritious herb widely used
throughout the world. No health hazards have been reported
when dandelion is used in designated therapeutic
doses. According to the PDR For Herbal Medicine, however,
some “superacid gastric complaints” could be triggered
by using the herb. Dandelion stems contain a liquid
latex substance that may be irritating to the skin of
senstitive persons.


Interactions


No interactions have been reported between dandelion
and standard medications.

Magnolia

Many species of magnolia are used in both Eastern
and Western herbalism. The Chinese have used the bark
of Magnolia officinalis, called in Chinese hou po since
the first century A.D. M. officinalis is a deciduous tree
that grows to a height of 75 ft (22 m). It has large leaves
surrounding a creamy white fragrant flower. The pungent
aromatic bark is used in healing. Originally native
to China where it grows wild in the mountains, M. officinalis
is now grown as an ornamental for use in landscaping
around the world.
Chinese herbalists also use the bud of Magnolia liliflora
in healing. The Chinese name for magnolia flower
is xin yi hua. Note that in Chinese herbalism, magnolia
bark and magnolia flower are considered different herbs
with different properties and uses.
Other species of magnolia are used by Western
herbalists. These include Magnolia virginiana, M. glauca,
M. acuminate and M. tripetata. Other names for
magnolia include white bay, beaver tree, swamp sassafras
(not to be confused with other forms of sassafras
used in the West), and Indian bark. The New World
species of magnolia are smaller than their Asian counterparts,
ranging in height from 6-30 ft (2-10 m). Both the
bark and the root are used in Western herbalism.


General use


In Chinese herbalism, magnolia bark, hou po, is associated
with the stomach, lungs, spleen, and large intestine.
It is used to treat menstrual cramps, abdominal
pain, abdominal bloating and gas, nausea , diarrhea,
and indigestion . Injections of magnolia bark extract are
said to cause muscle relaxation. It is also used in formulas
to treat coughing and asthma. The bark is said to
make the qi descend and is used for symptoms of disorders
thought to move upward in the body.
Research suggests that compounds found in magnolia
bark may have mild antibacterial and antifungal prop-
erties. These studies are in their preliminary stages, however,
and have been limited to test tube research.
Magnolia flower, xin yi hua, is associated with the
lungs. It is used to treat chronic respiratory infections ,
sinus infections, and lung congestion. Its main function
is to open the airway. Little scientific research has been
done on the magnolia flower.
Magnolia bark and root are also used occasionally in
Western herbalism, although they are not major healing
herbs. At one time, magnolia root was used to treat
rheumatism, and was thought to be superior to quinine in
treating chills and fever. It is not used much today. Russian
herbalists use an oil extracted from the flowers and
young leaves to treat hair loss and as an antiseptic on skin
wounds. In homeopathic medicine a tincture of magnolia
flower is a minor remedy for asthma and fainting.
Little recent scientific research has been done on
magnolia in the West; however, Asian researchers have
isolated a compound from M. officinalis known as honokiol.
As of 2002, honokiol has attracted interest for its
antiplatelet effects. In addition, it is being studied for its
ability to induce apoptosis, or cell self-destruction, in
lung cancer cells. In Japan, honokiol is considered a


Preparations


Magnolia bark is most commonly used in the following
formulas:
• Agastache: for treatment of stomach flu and gastrointestinal
upset.
• Apricot seed and linum: for treatment of chronic constipation
and hemorrhoids.
• Bupleurum, inula and cyperus: for treatment of stressrelated
gastrointestinal disturbances.
All these formulas can be made into teas or are commercially
available as pills or capsules.
Magnolia flower is most commonly used in xanthium
and magnolia formula. It is used to relieve sinus congestion
associated with a yellow discharge and to treat
allergy symptoms such as runny nose. This formula can
be made into a tea or is available in commercially produced
capsules.
American herbalists dry magnolia bark and root and
pound it into a powder or make a tincture that is taken several
times daily. Russian herbalists soak the bark in vodka.


Precautions


Chinese herbalists recommend that magnolia bark
not be used by pregnant women and that magnolia
flower be used with caution if the patient is dehydrated.


Side effects


There are no unwanted side effects reported with
normal doses of any of the different uses of magnolia.
Large quantities of magnolia preparations, however, have
been reported to cause dizziness. In addition, allergic reactions
to the pollen from magnolia trees are not unusual.


Interactions


In Chinese herbalism, both magnolia bark and flowers
are often used in conjunction with other herbs with
no reported interactions. There are no formal studies of
its interactions with Western pharmaceuticals; however,
there are anecdotal reports of harmful interactions between
magnolia bark and prescription weight-loss medications.
In addition, magnolia should not be taken together
with any medications given to lower blood pressure,
as it increases their effects

Alternative medicine for lower back pain

Herbal medicine and anti-inflammatory
enzymatic therapy


Herbal medicine can utilize a variety of antispasmodic
and sedative herbs to help relieve low back pain
due to spasm. For this purpose and easily available at a
local healthfood store are herbs such as chamomile (Matricaria
recutita), hops (Humulus lupus), passion flower
(Passiflora incarnata), valerian (Valeriana officinale),
and cramp bark (Viburnum opulus). Bromelain from
pineapples has anti-inflammatory activity. Intake of fresh
grape juice, preferably made from from dark grapes, on a
daily basis at a time other than mealtime has also been
found to be helpful. Minor backaches may be relieved
with the application of a heating paste of ginger(Zingiber
officinale) powder and water, allowed to sink in for 10
minutes, and followed by an eucalyptus rub.
Aromatherapy with soothing essential oils of blue
chamomile, birch, rosemary, and/or lavender can be effective
when rubbed into the affected area after a hot bath.


Homeopathy


Homeopathic treatment for acute back pain consists
of various applications of Arnica (Arnica montana); as an
oil or gel applied topically to the sore area or oral doses
alone or in prepackaged combination products including
other homeopathic such as St. John’s wort (Hypericum
perforatum), Rhus tox (Rhus toxicodendron) and Ruta
(Ruta graveolens). Bellis perennis may be recommended
for deep muscle injuries. Other remedies may be recommended
based on the symptoms presented by the patient.


Body work and yoga


Massage and the numerous other body work techniques
can be very effective in treating low back pain.
Yoga, practiced regularly and done properly, can be
combined with meditation or imagery to both treat and
prevent future episodes of low back pain.


Traditional Chinese medicine


Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine treat
low back pain with acupuncture, acupressure, massage,
and the application of herbal poultices. They may
also use a technique called moxibustion which involves
the use of glass cups, and heated air derived use of a
burning braid or stick of herb with a distinctive aroma.





In Reiki tradition we believe that every pain and illness has an emotional root in the aura first. Financial woes and concerns are the cause for this illness and pain.

LIcorice

Licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra, is a purple and white
flowering perennial, native of the Mediterranean region
and central and southwest Asia. It is cultivated widely
for the sweet taproot that grows to a depth of four ft (1.2
m). Licorice is a hardy plant that thrives in full sun or
partial shade and prefers rich, moist soil. It may grow to
a height of 3-7 ft (1-2 m). The wrinkled, brown root has
yellow interior flesh and is covered with a tangle of
rootlets branching from the stolons. The aerial parts of
the plant are erect and branching with round stems that
become somewhat angular near the top. The leaves are
alternate, odd, and pinnate, dividing into as many as
eight pairs of oblong leaflets. Licorice blossoms in late
summer. The sweet-pea like flowers grow in clusters
forming in the angle where the stem joins the branch.
The maroon colored seed pods are about 1-2 in (3-5 cm)
long and contain one to six kidney-shaped seeds
Licorice is a sweet and soothing herb that has been
appreciated for its medicinal qualities for thousands of
years. Hippocrates named the herb glukos riza, or sweet
root. Several species of this member of the Leguminosae,
or pea, family, are used medicinally. Glycyrrhiza glabra,
also known as sweet wood or sweet licorice, is cited first
in most herbals. Chinese licorice, G. uralenis or G. viscida,
known as the peacemaker, was included in the Chinese
classic herbal Pen Tsao Ching over 2,000 years ago,
and is believed to promote longevity. An American variety,
G. lepidota or wild licorice, was a common Native
American remedy and was also used by early settlers.
Dominican friars brought the herb to England in the sixteenth
century. The abbess Hildegard of Bingen added
licorice to her materia medica, and this well-loved herb
was a favorite of German and English herbalists.


General use


The medicinal benefits of licorice root have been
studied extensively, and its use in traditional medicine is
well documented. Licorice is an expectorant, helpful in
the treatment of upper respiratory tract catarrh. The root
extract is demulcent, and commonly used as a component
of many medicinal syrups and drops providing relief
to a sore throat and for coughs. The glycoside glycyrrhizin,
found in the root, is more than 50 times as
sweet as sucrose. Glycyrrhizin, which becomes glycyrrhizic
acid when ingested, has been credited with
much of the pharmacological action of licorice. The herb
is also effective as a mild laxative, cleansing the colon.
Licorice is a liver tonic and is used as an anti-inflammatory
medicine, useful in the treatment of arthritis. Along
with other herbs, licorice is used to treat muscle spasms.
It also acts to reduce stomach acid and relieves heartburn.
Other active chemical constituents in licorice root
include asparagine, flavonoids and isoflavonoids, chalcones,
coumarins, sterols, and triterpenoid saponins.
Studies have shown that licorice also stimulates the production
of interferon.
Licorice preparations have been used in the healing of
peptic ulcers. The demulcent action of the root extract
coats and soothes the ulcerated tissue. Licorice also has a
beneficial effect on the endocrine system and is helpful in
treatment of problems with the adrenal gland, such as Addison’s
disease. Phytochemicals in the root act similarly to
and stimulate the secretion of the body’s natural adrenal
cortex hormone, aldosterone. This sweet herb also has antibacterial
action and is beneficial in treatment of hypoglycemia.
Licorice increases bile flow and acts to lower
blood cholesterol levels. Licorice root, when boiled to extract
its sweetness, has been used traditionally in candy
making. Commercially it is a flavoring in beer, soft drinks,
and tobacco. Singers chew the root to ease throat irritation
and to strengthen their voice. Many women’s herbal formulas
include licorice for its estrogenic properties as an
aid to normalize and regulate hormone production during
menopause; however, some recent studies indicate that
licorice does not have the estrogenic qualities that have
been attributed to it. Licorice is frequently used in medicinal
compounds with other herbs. In Chinese medicine,
this herb is always used in compound, as it can minimize
the bitter taste of some herbal components, and help to
blend and harmonize the entire mixture.
More recently, licorice has been found to offer some
protection against cardiovascular disease. A team of Israeli
researchers found that licorice root extract added to
the diet lowers blood cholesterol levels as well as the
rate of oxidation in cardiovascular tissue.
Licorice also shows promise as a possible chemopreventive
against cancer. Glycyrrhizin, the glycoside
credited with many of the beneficial effects of licorice,
appears to inhibit the growth of cancer cells as well. In
addition, a new polyphenol compound isolated from
licorice root has been found to induce apoptosis, or selfdestruction,
in human prostate and breast tumor cells.


Preparations


The dried root is used in medicinal preparations.
Harvest the taproot of three- to four-year-old plants in
late autumn. Washed and dried, the root may be stored
intact until needed for a preparation.
Decoction: Combine one teaspoonful of dried root,
powdered or diced, for each cup of non-chlorinated water.
Bring to boil, lower heat and simmer for 10-15 minutes.
Dosage is three cups per day. Prepare fresh decoction daily.
Tincture: Combine one part dried root, powdered or
diced, with five parts of brandy or vodka in a glass container.
A 50/50 alcohol to water ratio is optimal. Seal the
container with an airtight lid. Leave to macerate in a
darkened place for two weeks. Shake daily. Strain the
mixture through a cheesecloth or muslin bag and pour
into a dark bottle for storage up to two years. Dosage is
one to three milliliters of the tincture three times a day.


Precautions


People should avoid using licorice in large doses for
long periods of time. This herbal remedy should be used
for no longer than four to six weeks without medical advice.
Pregnant women should not use the herb. Persons
with high blood pressure or kidney disease should not
use licorice, nor should those with cholestatic liver disorders
or cirrhosis.


Side effects


Excessive use of the herbal extract may raise blood
pressure, cause water retention, headache, and potassium
loss; however, for persons on high potassium, lowsodium
diets, this may not be a problem. Licorice taken
in its natural form, such as chewing the root, may mitigate
the side effect of water retention because of the high
presence of the plant constituent asparagine. Deglycyrrhizinated
licorice extract is commercially available
for treatment of peptic ulcer and eliminates side effects
possible with other licorice preparations.
Interactions
When licorice is used while taking thiazide diuretic
medications, this may exacerbate potassium loss. Sensitivity
to digitalis glycosides may increase with loss of potassium.





Resources
BOOKS
Blumenthal, Mark. The Complete German Commission E Mongraphs,
Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Massachusetts:
Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998.
Bown, Deni. The Herb Society of America, Encyclopedia of
Herbs And Their Uses. New York: D.K. Publishing, Inc.,
1995.
Gladstar, Rosemary. Herbal Healing for Women. New York,
Simon & Schuster, 1993.
Kowalchik, Claire, and William H. Hylton. Rodale’s Illustrated
Encyclopedia of Herbs. Pennsylvania: Rodale Press, 1987.
Mabey, Richard. The New Age Herbalist. New York: Simon &
Schuster, Inc., 1998.
PERIODICALS
Amato, P., S. Christophe, and P. L. Mellon. “Estrogenic Activity
of Herbs Commonly Used as Remedies for Menopausal
Symptoms.” Menopause 9 (March-April 2002): 145-150.
Fuhrman, B., N. Volkova, M. Kaplan, et al. “Antiatherosclerotic
Effects of Licorice Extract Supplementation on Hypercholesterolemic
Patients: Increased Resistance of LDL to
Atherogenic Modifications, Reduced Plasma Lipid Levels,
and Decreased Systolic Blood Pressure.” Nutrition 18
(March 2002): 268-273.
Hsiang, C. Y., I. L. Lai, D. C. Chao, and T. Y. Ho. “Differential
Regulation of Activator Protein 1 Activity by Glycyrrhizin.”
Life Sciences 70 (February 22, 2002): 1643-1656.
Rafi, M. M., B. C. Vastano, N. Zhu, et al. “Novel Polyphenol
Molecule Isolated from Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Induces Apoptosis, G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, and Bcl-2
Phosphorylation in Tumor Cell Lines.” Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 50 (February 13, 2002): 677-684.

Laryngitis

Definition


Laryngitis is caused by inflammation of the larynx,
often resulting in a temporary loss of voice.
Description
When air is breathed in, it passes through the nose
and the nasopharynx or through the mouth and the
oropharynx. These are both connected to the larynx, a
tube made of cartilage. The vocal cords, responsible for
setting up the vibrations necessary for speech, are located
within the larynx.
The air continues down the larynx to the trachea.
The trachea then splits into two branches, the left and
right bronchi (bronchial tubes). These bronchi branch
into smaller air tubes that run within the lungs, leading to
the small air sacs of the lungs (alveoli).

Either food, liquid, or air may be taken in through
the mouth. While air goes into the larynx and the respiratory
system, food and liquid are directed into the tube
leading to the stomach, the esophagus. Because food or
liquid in the bronchial tubes or lungs could cause a blockage
or lead to an infection, the airway must be protected.
The epiglottis is a leaf-like piece of cartilage extending
upwards from the larynx. The epiglottis can close down
over the larynx when someone is eating or drinking, preventing
these substances from entering the airway.
In laryngitis, the tissues below the level of the epiglottis
are swollen and inflamed. This causes swelling around
the area of the vocal cords and they can’t vibrate normally.
Hoarse sounds or loss of voice are characteristic of laryngitis.
Laryngitis is a very common problem, and often occurs
during an upper respiratory tract infection (cold).
Causes & symptoms
Laryngitis is primarily caused by overuse of the
voice, a condition faced by people ranging from teachers
to performers. Other causes of laryngitis include:
• strain on the larynx from talking or singing for long periods
• shouting or cheering for an extended time
• allergies
• colds or cough
• smoking
• alcohol consumption
• atmospheric conditions like dust in the air
• anxiety
• underactive thyroid
• growths on the larynx


However, the primary medical cause of laryngitis is
a viral infection. The same viruses that cause the majority
of simple colds are responsible for laryngitis. In extremely
rare cases, more harmful bacteria or the bacteria
that causes tuberculosis (TB) may cause laryngitis. In
people with faulty immune systems (like AIDS patients),
infections with fungi may be responsible for laryngitis.
Symptoms usually begin with a cold. The person
may have a sore, scratchy throat, as well as a fever, runny
nose, aches, and fatigue. Difficulty swallowing sometimes
occurs, and the patient may have a ticklish cough or
wheeze. Most characteristically, the patient suffers voice
loss or the voice will sound strained, hoarse, and raspy.
In extremely rare cases, the swelling of the larynx
may cause symptoms of airway obstruction. This is more
common in infants because the diameter of their airways
is so small. In that case, the baby may have a greatly increased
respiratory rate and exhibit loud, high-pitched
sounds with breathing (called stridor).

Treatment
Alternative treatments for laryngitis include various
herbal therapies, as well reflexology, homeopathy, re-
laxation, and exercise . Resting the voice is especially
important, as is consulting a doctor or practitioner if
symptoms last for more than two weeks.
Practitioners who treat laryngitis include naturopathic
doctors and ayurvedic doctors. Naturopathic
medicine focuses on whole body health care; the
ayurvedic practitioner concentrates on maintaining balance
between the body and the world.
Acupuncture or accupressure, elements of traditional
Chinese medicine (TCM), may provide some relief.
A TCM practitioner may prescribe Throat Inflammation
Pills, which are also known as Laryngitis Pills.
The pill is an over-the-counter Chinese formula. The
usual dosage for adults is 10 pills taken three times daily.
This is a short-term treatment and should be stopped
after three days.
An ayurvedic practitioner could prescribe an infusion
of mint, ginger, or cloves, as well as a milk decoction
or licorice root powder.
Herbal remedies
Numerous herbals can be used to treat laryngitis.
Herbal lozenges and throat sprays can provide immediate
relief to a raw throat. Herbs that are effective for laryngitis
include thyme, horehound, cardamom, plantain, cinnamon,
and eucalyptus. Commercial cough medicines
that are effective include herbs such as anise, fennel, and
peppermint. A person can gargle with warm salt water
and slippery elm bark, wild cherry, and mallow.
Echinacea tincture taken in water is recommended
to boost the immune system. The tincture consists of 10
drops (1/8 teaspoon or 5/8 ml) of the herb in a glass of
water. This mixture is taken frequently, or 5 ml three to
four times a day. Antiviral herbs such as usnea, lomatium,
and ligusticum may help speed recovery.
Poke should be taken as a last resort. It’s a strong
herb that should be taken only in small amounts and
under the direction of a healthcare professional. However,
there are many other herbs that can be purchased as
packaged cold and throat remedies or used to prepare
home treatments.

HYDROTHERAPY. A person can use a vaporizer for
relief by inhaling steam. A natural version of the vaporizer
is a boiling pot of water with herbs or essential oils
added. The amount of these ingredients varies. A small
handful of sage or eucalyptus leaves may be added to the
water. When using essential oils, 1-2 teaspoons (4.5-10
g) of an oil such as sage, eucalyptus, lavender, benzoin,
frankincense, thyme, or sandalwood are added. The pot
is removed from the stove and the ingredients are allowed
to steep. The person places a towel over the head

for a tent-like effect, leans over the pot, and breathes in
steam through the mouth.
HERBAL TEAS. Commercial products like horehound
tea will provide relief. For brewing tea at home, 1 cup
(250 ml) of boiling water is poured over 1-2 teaspoons
(4.5-10 g) of an herb. The tea is steeped for about 10
minutes and then strained. Generally, up to 3 cups of tea
may be drunk daily.
Helpful herbs for teas include capsicum (cayenne),
which is used to treat conditions caused by a cold or flu.
Capsicum tea might be a painful treatment if inflammation
is severe. Ginger root helps with chest congestion.
Other useful herbs include cardamom, eucalyptus,
spearmint, rosemary, sweet Annie, nutmeg, lavender,
bee balm, peppermint, tansy, mallows, and mullein.
GARGLES. A home gargle is prepared like herbal tea.
One cup (250 ml) of boiling water is poured over 1-2
teaspoons (4.5-10 g) of an herb. This mixture is steeped
for about 10 minutes and then strained. The solution is
gargled for about 10 seconds, and repeated every three to
four hours. Herbs recommended for gargling include
coltsfoot, garden raspberry, golden seal, mullein, plantain,
red sage, yarrow, licorice, and slippery elm.
Other home remedies
A range of other home remedies will bring relief to
laryngitis and its symptoms. These include:
• Drinking more liquids and eating raw fruit and vegetables.
• Eating certain foods. Candied ginger, honey, lemon,
and pineapple juice are soothing. Spicy foods with ingredients
like garlic, cayenne pepper, horseradish, mustard,
or ginger are helpful.
• Using vitamins. They can also help the immune system.
The recommended dosages are 1,000-3,000 mg of
vitamin C and 10,000-20,000 I.U. of vitamin A (beta
carotene).
• Using a compress. A compress is a form of hydrotherapy
that starts by placing a warm washcloth on the neck.
Next, a long cotton cloth is soaked in cold water. After
the cloth is wrung out, it is wrapped around the neck.
Then a long piece of wool flannel such as a scarf is
wrapped around the wet cloth. The flannel is secured
with a safety pin and remains in place for at least 30
minutes. The compress can be worn overnight.

• Relaxing and exercising. Since anxiety can cause laryngitis,
both relaxation techniques and physical exercise
can reduce stress.
• Breathing deeply. Deep breaths and breathing exercises
can make the respiratory system stronger

GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE